Electromagnetic Compatibility measurement procedures and limits for vehicle components (except aircraft), 60 Hz-18 GHz, Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields- bulk current injection (BCI) method, Immunity to conducted transients on power leads, Electrical interference by conduction and coupling coupling clamp, Conducted immunity to different coupling mechanisms, Electromagnetic compatibility procedure for vehicle components-immunity to electrostatic discharge, ESD testing performed on a bench in a temperature and humidity controlled environment, Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields reverberation method, Reverberation chamber Continuous Stirred, Table 2: Some of the remaining active SAE automotive EMC standards. ESD test levels can go up to 30 kV and these levels can be applied with the ESD generators which are able to generate 30 kV. motors), Use power supply with surge protection of correct rating (legitimate CE Marked supplies will have protection, but check the rating), Design in your own protection using protection components such as. CISPR/D is responsible for developing and maintaining the standards used to measure the emissions produced by vehicles and their components. Many of these disturbances are applied/occur in the automotive sector. +44 1306 743744 There are a couple of injection points and methods for EFT. WebSafety components such as horns, mirrors, lighting / signaling devices, seats, etc. However, the majority of testing can be simplified down to a signal generator, amplifier, antenna, and most often a way to measure the electrical field. The cables are routed in a cable harness that is positioned along the front edge of the bench. The surgeimmunity test is designed to simulate low frequency power surges. The authors also wish to express their appreciation of the technical contributions provided by Mr. Aidin Mehdipour of ETS-Lindgren as related to the antennas discussed in general and the specialty automotive ridged horn lens antenna in particular. EMI (electromagnetic interference/disturbances) are defined by the International Organization for Standardization in ISO 7637-1:2015 Preview (accessed 8/20/19) as any electromagnetic phenomenon which can degrade the performance of a device, equipment or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter An electromagnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself. (1). ISO/TC22/SC32/WG3 is responsible for developing and maintaining the standards used for immunity testing of vehicles and their components. Gear up for safety and success in the automotive & transportation industry. WebDiscover all the collections by Givenchy for women, men & kids and browse the maison's history and heritage IEC 61000-4-2 is noted that when an ESD generator is supplied from an external supply source, AC or DC, or controlled by a separate unit and this cable is not combined with the ESD generator return current cable, unintended current may flow through this cable. CISPR 36 is currently in development to cover RE < 30 MHz on Electric DrivenVehicles, Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). Testing subassemblies for both emissions and immunity ensures compatibility when these assemblies are built into the final production vehicle., International Electrotechnical Commission Website - EMC Explained Emissions and immunity, Teseq Website - NSG 438-Auto Product Page, Teseq Brochur - Automotive Electrical Disturbances, EE Times - Automotive EMI shielding: Controlling automotive electronic emissions and susceptibility with proper EMI suppression methods, 1. Craig Fanning is the EMC Lab Manager at Elite Electronic Engineering (www.elitetest.com). D is definitely not acceptable for CE Certification, as your product is destroyed. This falls under the greater umbrella of EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) which focuses on an electrical product/equipment ability to function in its intended electrical environment/area. This test shows how much noise generated by the vehicle will be introduced into the radios antenna port (sort of a self-immunity test). Figure1: A shielded room blocks the noise from outdoor sources of EM interference. Its lightweight meta-material lens increases the gain of the horn at 1 m distance by 9 dBi. Panasonic Business Support Europe GmbH, Panasonic Testing Centre, Winsbergring 15, 22525 Hamburg, Germany Unsupported browser Please note, this site is supported on Internet explorer 11 and above. So essentially nothing bad happened to your product during or after the test. For AC voltage dips and interruptions, the test setup will look something like this. However, CISPR 25 should only be considered for items which contain on-board receivers. This test is intended to see how well your product performs when it's subjected to an electric field of a specified amplitude (measured in volts/meter) across a range of frequencies. SAE J1113-3 Withdrawn as a complete standard and reserved for use to document differences from ISO 11452-7. Table2 does not show all the EMC standards related to automotive published by the SAE, but it gives an overview of the main standards and cross-references to the equivalent ISO or CISPR document. Insert fiber optic converter between voltage probes and meter Conducted immunity to transients as they are applied directly to the power leads of the test item. You're going to need to consider immunity test requirements under lots of circumstances: If you're shipping to Europe or Australia (and many other specific regions), if you're using international product standards (published by IEC) or if your product is designed for a specific industry that mandates immunity testing (such as medical, military, aerospace and automotive to name a few). Given the signal generator and amplifier, these systems can also be used in conducted RF testing. NoiseKen - Q&AElectrostatic Discharge Simulators, 5. ESD testing services (pre-compliance to full-compliance), ESD test guns/simulators/generators (standard compliant), Copyright - Testups 2018 - 2023 | Tel: +353 1 671 5564 | WhatsApp: +1 617 459 4731 | E-mail: info@testups.com, Electrostatic Discharge testing is performed by, Open circuit voltages of the ESD generator (IEC 61000-4-2), Rise time of short circuit current in contact discharge mode (10% to 90%), General ESD Generator Parameters (IEC 61000-4-2), Each item is chosen according to standard applied. Several guidelines must be followed when sizingthe chamber and the starting point is the EUT,which is determines the size of the test bench. At the present time J551-12 is not used. Table2 does not show all the EMC standards related to automotive published by the SAE, but it gives an overview of the main standards and cross-references to the equivalent ISO or CISPR document. Automotive Essentials. Incorporated in the United States since 1978, Rohde & Schwarz USA, Inc. has a large team of sales and application engineers throughout North America with regional offices in Maryland, Texas, California, and Oregon. A test lab will start at a low voltage (say 2kV), then if your product passes the lower level, they will increase the voltage and test again. For the log periodic dipole array (LPDA), the distance is measured from the tip of the antenna. As defined in CISPR 25, the minimum width of the reference ground plane (bench) for radiated emissions shall be 1000mm, the minimum length of the ground plane for radiated emissions shall be 2000mm, or the length needed to support the entire EUT plus 200mm, whichever is larger. The monopole is used with an extremely electrically small ground plane. WebGet the latest news and analysis in the stock market today, including national and world stock market news, business news, financial news and more ESD testing for automotive typically requires high voltage capabilities as with ISO 10605 which can go as high as 25 kV for air discharge testing and 15 kV for contact discharge. WebNews Corp is a global, diversified media and information services company focused on creating and distributing authoritative and engaging content and other products and services. In America, as elsewhere, it is the leading event for the technologies and services in ADAS and autonomous vehicle testing, electric and hybrid powertrain testing, battery and range testing, EMI and NVH test and analysis and the full spectrum of test and validation technologies for full-vehicle, component and systems development. Before joining ETS-Lindgren, he worked in the EMC department of BMW AG Munich (on behalf of CSA Group Bayern) where he was involved in EMC design/simulation and EMC testing of automotive components in RF shielded chambers. CISPR 25 has two parts. Note 7. ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002 standardestablishes the procedure for testing, evaluating, and classifying devices and microcircuits according to their susceptibility (sensitivity) to damage or degradation by exposure to a defined field-induced charged device model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD). Due to his considerable industry experience, he is the ETS-Lindgren global subject matter expert responsible for the ongoing research and development of Automotive EMC/Wireless test chambers for Regular, Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, focusing on combination anechoic chambers, reverberation chambers, GTEM cells, EMP protection applications and wireless device test systems. The author can be reached at ammar.sarwar@ets-lindgren.com. Compliance Engineering has developed an advanced test laboratory with an extensive range of capabilities and pride ourselves on delivering the most efficient and cost-effective solutions for your compliance testing needs. This test can be quite hard to pass because you usually have to meet criteria 'A' (see below for definitions). At the present time J551-2 is not used. by Testups | Jan 22, 2021 | blog | 0 comments. Regarding updates coming in CISPR 25 4th Edition, the planned publish date is currently late 2016. As mentioned above, government standards and directives in many cases refer to the CISPR or ISO methods. Figure5 shows how the size of the bench is determined. This is especially the case for the center of the frequency band that the antenna covers. The regulatory bodies want to make sure that an item with an internal combustion engine does not cause unwanted interference with TV and radio reception when it drives past (or is used nearby) a residence or business. CISPR 12 deals with radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of off-board receivers [1]. Rohde & Schwarz is one of the worlds leading manufacturers of Test & Measurement, Secure Communications, Monitoring and Network Testing, and Broadcasting equipment. Full MIL-STD-461 and DO-160 testing with RS to 200 V/m. CISPR 25:2016 - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board recievers. Although the shielded room is too small to support resonant modes at low frequencies, the number of modes increases with frequency above the cut off of the chamber. The focus on the interference or disturbances is to replicate them in a controlled environment allowing for the impact of these occurrences to be evaluated. WebCreation date: 1947; Scope. Add to e-diary The LPDA, DRH and SGH antennas have been a stable and long standing part of immunity measurements for many years. This is to measure the amount of noise generated by the vehicle will be induced into the on-board receiver antenna port. Figure16: A horizontally polarized LPDA antenna placed in front of a conductive bench, Figure17: Field distribution from the LPDA shown in Figure16. Vehicle Sized Reverberation Chamber is needed for this test. Commonly used antennas include biconical, log-periodic, and horn antenna able to meet the required power levels. Often the test is exempted if your device doesn't contain and components that could perceivably be affected by a magnetic field. BMW, Mercedes and Volkswagen are just a few of the car companies with such standards. Note 12: SAE J551-4 Withdrawn as a complete standard and reserved for use to document differences from CISPR 25. Figure4: A typical conductive test bench. The test engineer then engages the trigger on the ESD simulator which charges the tip up to the test voltage and discharges the energy through the EUT (if a discharge path exists). Criteria A, that's considered perfect. During EMC testing, radiated emissions measurements are made using a spectrum analyzer and or an EMI receiver and a A tapped auto-transformer selects the dip level and an immunity test system controls the selection using an analog feed signal. The EUT shall be tested against the applicable test levels for its installation environment or environment of usage. Also convenient, but again there are problems with repeatability of the tests. Note 5. He received his Master of Science degree in communications engineering, with an emphasis on RF and EMC, from the Technical University Munich, Germany and his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. References [7] and [8] introduced a new design for the 1 to 18 GHz range that has a better behaved pattern where the main beam does not split into multiple beams. Energy & Power This test simulates adjacent cabling by injecting a common mode disturbance into your cabling using a transducer. For instance, for medical devices, IEC/EN 60601-1-2 standard defines test levels as -/+2kV, -/+4kV and -/+8kV for air discharges and -/+2kV, -/+4kV and -/+6kV for contact discharges. Learn more. There will be more detailed information on the measurement setups to be used for EV and HEV measurements under different connection and charging scenarios. The HPBW of the LPDA antenna is usually fairly flat. Becoming an exhibitor In order to understand the terms of each standard, you have to check definitions of the standards. For this particular pulse, the voltage risetime is approx 5ns with a pulse width of approximately 50ns. Make sure this fits by entering your model number. Where as, I am unable to understand Common mode testing on DC 2 line units. 2004/104/EC, which surpassed 95/54 EC, is a European directive for vehicle EMC. Other ESD test standards, like ISO 10605 which is based in part on IEC 61000-4-2 and describes automotive-specific requirements, may define test levels higher than the levels shown on the table above. WebTV SD offers a one-stop service for EMC testing and certification. One of these startups is Karma Automotive, a California-based carmaker that rose from the ashes (or rather assets) of Fisker Automotive in 2014. They need to monitor your equipment during and after each test and watch for any changes to the behavior or operation. Here are some common test levels that are used when testing electronic devices. Component manufacturer must approach the test agency for necessary testing and approval. +44 1306 743744 ESD testing is performed according to relevant product standard and ESD standard. WebAppliance Wiring Material Testing and Certification. These two sections within the ISO 7637 series are the most commonly tested and referenced by associated OEM specific standards for automotive transients. The correlation of the ALSE to an OTS has been a point of discussion over the past few years within the group of experts who are responsible for the maintenance of CISPR 12. Conducted immunity is focused on transmission of interferance or noise via direct contact. From these patterns we can extract the halfpower beam width (HPBW). Thecoupling network is usually contained inside an immunity test system along with a decoupling network which helps to protect the power supply or auxiliary equipment. CDNs are the preferred transducer. Absorber coverage was provided on all wall and ceiling surfaces (see photo below, results shown in Table 4). 2022 Same Page Publishing. But, without the benefit of the matching ferrite material used in the hybrid, the polyurethane only absorber suffers from reduced low frequency performance. Look for MIL STD or other rugged spec multimeter that meets those test levels ESD tests can often be hard to pass. can you tell me whats the difference between Voltage dip and drop? With dielectric lenses having properties such as low loss and wide operational frequency range, ridged horn antennas have been able to meet both field strength and FU requirements for automotive EMC testing in the 1 5 GHz frequency range. The duration of the voltage dip and the depth of the dip vary and are defined in your standard. Above that, octave horns and standard gain horns with high gain are the preferred antenna choice. As you can see from this diagram, the dips happen for a period in the order of milliseconds. 2022 Compliance Engineering. Even if you're using an external AC-DC power adapter, an EMC lab will most likely still inject EFT pulses onto the line and neutral wires. Now that you know what they are, you can begin to start thinking about how to prepare your designs for testing. EMC Test Laboratory, Environmental Compliance, RF Shielding, RF exposure surveys, RF interference (RFI), EMC Test Equipment and EMC Filters, Automated page speed optimizations for fast site performance, AS/NZS 60335.1 is part 1 of an Australian/New Zealand standard that addresses the general [], In December 2020, the Australian Government made mandatory safety and information standards for [], Are you aware of the mandatory product safety standards in Australia? WebThe standards we use for testing and certification aim to mitigate the risks of fire, electric shock, personal injury and environmental hazards. A major expansion to our accreditation scope, Fully compliant indoor open area test site (iOATS), New extensive range of various environmental test equipment. SAE J1113-41 Withdrawn as a complete standard and reserved for use to document differences from CISPR 25. Also, EFT is normally applied capacitively to signal/control ports who's cables will be >3m in length. Method allows for the reverberation test along with a hybrid test which utilizes direct illumination and reverberation. CISPR 25 deals with radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of receivers used on-board vehicles, boats and on devices [2]. Currently, two methods (one method based upon reference measurements and another method based upon modelling) are being proposed for the ALSE validation tests. This characteristic makes the antenna ideal for automotive component immunity testing. At frequencies below 200 MHz, antennas get physically larger and also less efficient. An electrostatic discharge to your product happens really quickly. Table1 provides an overview of the CISPR and ISO EMC standards for the automotive industry. For many pieces of equipment that use external AC/DC adaptors that operate down to lower voltages, this test rarely causes issues. Road vehicles Test methods forelectrical disturbances from electrostatic discharge, ESD testing performed on a module on a bench or a vehicle in a temperature and humidity controlled environment, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines Radio disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines Radio disturbancecharacteristics Limits and methods of measurement for the protection ofon-board receivers. ESD test standards are establishing a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In this case it still needs to be connected to the ground plane so in effect it will be an extension of the ground plane bench and subject to the minimum distances as defined in the standard. The EMC chamber facility shown belowis an example of a full vehicle chamber where the hybrid polystyrene absorbers previously mentioned have been used to achieve the desired test volume reflectivity performance. Continue reading How quiet is too quiet for an electric vehicle? The standard recommends that these tests are performed in a shielded room. Note 11: SAE J551-2 Withdrawn as a complete standard and reserved for use to document differences from CISPR 12. Welcome to the Press Center for Automotive Testing Expo, Novi, Michigan 2023. UL Solutions' Appliance Wiring Material (AWM) Testing program can meet your testing needs and provide third-party certification that you are in compliance with industry standards making it easier for OEMs to find and source your products. There are two types of discharge tips used for ESD testing. Is surge test applicable on DC 2 line powered units? In fiscal year 2021/2022, Rohde & Schwarz generated EUR 2.53 billion in revenue. Electromagnetic Immunity Off-Vehicle Source (Reverberation Chamber Method) Part 16 Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields. This newly retrofitted chamber has been designed for automotive EMC testing in accordance with commercial standards CISPR 12, CISPR 25, ISO 11451, ISO 11452 and IEC 61000-4-3, as well as military standard MIL-STD-461E/F. Regulatory bodies IEC 61000-4-2 defines general ESD generator parameters as follows. The most common testing networks include 150pF/2kOhm, 330pF/2kOhm, and 330pF/330Ohm. But issues often turn up for equipment that is connected directly to an AC or DC power supply. To determine these, its necessary to refer to the associated testing standard and categorize accordingly. ISO 16750-2:2012 - Electrical loads (for electrical and electronic equipment). a absorber-lined shielded enclosure. These are most often based upon the ability for the equipment under test (EUT) to function. For chambers that will also be used for e-motor testing, the motor is also be part of the EUT. The measurements are normally done on an outdoor test site (OTS) or in an absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE) if the ALSE can be correlated to an OTS. Find out when! All packaged semiconductor devices, thin film circuits, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, opto-electronic devices, hybrid integrated circuits (HICs), and multi-chip modules (MCMs) containing any of these devices are to be evaluated according to this standard. This same procedure is used in MIL STD 461 [3] and in ISO 11452 [4] and as shown in the illustration, a line impedance stabilization network is used to provide a defined impedance for the power to the device. ESD test setups are prepared according to applied standard. The 1 m rule for the separation between antenna and absorber tip will again determine the size of the chamber as shown in Figure8. Lynn Wedderman, CMP To evaluate whether your product passes or fails each EMC immunity test, an EMC test lab needs to know what an acceptable degradation of performance actually is. Rohde & Schwarz develops, produces and markets a wide range of electronic capital goods for industry, infrastructure operators and government customers. The cable harness which rests 5 cm above the bench is covered,but most of the EUT will not be. With the components discussed in the previous sections, a chamber lined with hybrid absorber with a size of 5.2 meters wide by 6.2 meters long and 3.6 meters high will meet the minimum size requirements for performing compliant CISPR 25 tests. Each item is chosen according to standard applied. This immersive learning experience lets you watch, read, listen, and practice from any device, at any time. CISPR 25 includes both conducted and radiated emissions components while also providing both component level and vechile level testing. No need to scan, Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell, Part 7: Direct radio frequency (RF) power injection, Conducted immunity test 250 kHz to 500 MHz, Small antennas are used in conjunction with amplifiers and signal sources to simulate portable transmitters, Part 10: Immunity to conducted disturbances in the extended audio frequency range, Road vehicles Electricaldisturbances from conduction andcoupling Part 1:Definitions and generalconsiderations, Part 2: Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only. It helps to ensure that your equipment functions properly (as expected and safely) with power supply fluctuations. Radiated immunity test subject equipment to varying levels of electric and magnetic fields in an effort to ensure no impact on the functioning of the device. The CISPR 25 and ISO 11452-2 automotive EMC standards are analyzed since they are the basis for most other standards. The main absorber substrate is based on expanded polystyrene (EPS), which is volumetrically loaded with lossy materials, and environmentally friendly fire retardants. The first and most critical is the test distance where emissions are to be measured at a minimum distance of 1 m from the cable harness to the antenna. The most common type of magnetic field immunity testing is what's called 'AC power line' which means that the magnetic field generating transducer will be driven with a 50/60 Hz signal to simulate the AC power supply. Continuous EMC phenomena are applied to your product over a period of seconds to minutes via a transducer. The next revision of the standard will contain an annex (Annex J) which provides methods to validate the performance of an ALSE used for component level radiated emission tests. In references [9, 10] several improvements were made to the radiation patterns of DRH antennas operating in the 200 MHz to 2 GHz range. Note 13. The output of the amplifier is connected to a transducer (an antenna), which turns the varying conducted voltage into a varying radiated electric field. An alternative polyurethane absorber typically 36 inches (1m) in depth, EHP 36, can be used with improved high frequency performance due largely to the increased material length. Signal generator (<150 kHz to >80 MHz with AM), Audible rectification of the 1 kHz modulation frequency, Measurement errors due to supply or signal ripple, Apply RF common mode filtering to a cable interfaces (either low impedance capacitive filtering to chassis or high impedance common mode choke, Consider cable screening with an effective range up to at least 200 MHz), Implement bandwidth limiting on analog input cabling, Signal generator (if not powerline magnetic field testing), Make sure your watchdog timer works properly, Ensure the system reboots into an acceptable mode when thedevice resets. It might have fried some components or caused corruptionof some data. It is important to keep in mind that the data shown for the patterns is free space and far field data, and while it is true that it provides an idea of the antenna coverage, it can be misleading once we are in the presence of conductive benches. Equipped with modern test instruments, we conduct testing and inspections for product safety according to Australian and international standards. Figure20: Typical power of ridged horn antenna with lens, (a) for conductive bench, (b) for non-conductive bench. Note 10. CISPR and ISO are organizations that develop and maintain standards for use at the international level. Whos going to buy a product that can be damaged/destroyed? 2. He is an active member of the SAE EMI/EMR/EMC committees, ISO TC22/SC3/WG3 USTAG, and CISPR D WG1 and WG2 USTAG. Annex I of CISPR 25 defines test methods for shielded power supply systems for high voltages in electric and The chamber is treated such that the reflectivity in the area of the EUT is -10 dB. When you prepare the test setup (making necessary connections of, Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility-In a Nutshell, Free EMC Book, New UNECE R10 (Revision 7) Automotive EMC, ISO 13766-1 and ISO 13766-2 EMC Tests for Construction Machinery, New UNECE R10 (Revision 6) is published for Automotive EMC. Active members of the press qualify for a free press badge for the show. Intertek has been accredited for material testing by automotive market leading OEM(s) and works with customers on Automotive VOC issues to minimize problems before they arise in the field, providing Automotive VOC testing and aldehyde-ketone emission testing for materials and At frequencies between 30 MHz and 200 MHz, a typical biconical antenna is the recommended antenna. ISO 11452-2 is a vehicle component immunity standard that applies to the 200 MHz to 18 GHz range. USB, ethernet), the disturbance is usually applied capacitively using a clamp (see above) rather than direct injection. are notified under specific rules of CMVR. At the present time J1113-2 is not used. A2LA accredited, our test scope covers a wide range of products. Ammar Sarwar is Application Engineer, EMEA for ETS-Lindgren in Europe where he works on test and measurement projects for automotive, wireless, consumer electronics, and defense applications. Part 2 of ISO 11452 is focused on testing electrical components for vehicles regardless of propulsion systems, subjected to radiated fields within a absorber-lined shielded enclosure. The other section of the standard deals with conducted and radiated measurements of vehicle components and modules. The varying current through these loops generates a magnetic field. At the present time J1113-22 is not used. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, CISPR 25 also covers the measurement of emissions received by a vehicle antenna for a whole vehicle setup. CISPR 12 would apply to all of these devices since they could affect the performance of nearby (off-board) receivers. Get common testing standard overview including CISPR 25, ISO 7637-2, ISO 11452-2, as well as electro static discharge (ESD) testing to ISO 10605. Each ESD standard defines the parameters of the simulator or generator that will be used during ESD testing. Mr. DAbreu is a member of the IEEE EMC Society and active participant in standards development, including the SAE, ISO and CISPR D automotive EMC standards, with over 25 years of experience in the RF industry. For low frequencies, an active rod monopole antenna is preferred. Testing for common mode is understandable in case of 3 wire AC units. To solve this problem, horn antennas with lenses have become increasingly popular for automotive EMC testing applications. Entry points are via you power cable or other cables connected to your product, so without proper chassis grounding or common mode suppression, the disturbance can cause you some headaches. This testing allows for electrical apparatuses/equipment susceptibility, which can impact functionality, to be tested with the emissions of surrounding devices. Before ESD testing, the features of the product or EUT has to be checked and correct standards have to be chosen. Garth DAbreu is the Director, Automotive Solutions at ETS-Lindgren based at the corporate headquarters office in Cedar Park, Texas, USA. Figure7 shows the antenna (an LPDA) in the chamber for the CISPR 25 set up. All comments are moderated before being published. To reduce these errors, the shielded room covered with RF absorber material on its ceiling and interior walls, greatly supresses internal reflections so that the dominant coupling path is between the EUT and measurement antenna. This happens at all frequencies and it is related to the boundary conditions that are part of the electromagnetic phenomena. Most of the commercial final products are under the scope of IEC 61000-4-2 standard. V. Rodriguez, A new broadband Double Ridge guide Horn with improved Radiation Pattern for Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing, V. Rodriguez Improvements to Broadband Dual Ridge Waveguide Horn Antennas, V. 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